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Ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic heart disease is mainly caused by the reentrant mechanism of scar myocardium, and it is a potentially fatal rapid arrhythmia and increases the risk of sudden cardiac death [20, 21]. Sudden cardiac death is currently the most difficult to predict cardiovascular events in the cardiovascular field. Due to the vast majority of sudden cardiac death occurring outside the hospital, it is difficult to get timely and effective treatment, resulting in a high mortality rate. Although the current guidelines suggest ICD implantation to improve the prognosis of patients with ventricular arrhythmias as a class I recommendation, frequent ICD shocks could not only reduce the quality of life and cardiac function of patients but also lead to post-traumatic anxiety and depression and increase the risk of death [22]. In addition, multiple discharges of ICD could result in overuse of electricity and reduce the life of ICD. Therefore, how to reduce the frequency of ICD shock, improve the quality of life, and reduce mortality has been the focus of clinicians.
Sensory IAN injuries made by dental implant may be caused by direct intraoperative (mechanical) and indirect postoperative trauma (ischemia) or periimplant infection [55]. Direct mechanical injury i.e. encroach, transection, or laceration of the nerve is related to implant intrusion into the MC (Figures 2 A and 2 B). After direct trauma, when the implant is placed through the bony canal, the nerve ending may get retrograde degeneration in most of the cases, because the nerve running in the canal is a terminal ending of the nerve and the size is quite small [70]. Otherwise partial implant intrusion into MC can evoke IAN injury due to compression and secondary ischemia of corresponding neurovascular bundle [54,71]. For example, immediate implantation following tooth extraction can sometimes cause implant intrusion into MC. Efforts by the surgeon to achieve primary stability can lead to unintentional apical extension and nerve injury. Re-measurement the amount of available bone after tooth extraction is recommended especially in those cases of nerve proximity since a few millimetres of the crestal bone might be lost during the extraction [15]. 781b155fdc